Known as the father of social medicine, Rudolf Virchow owes this
title to his Upper Silesia Typhus Epidemic Report, where he
elucidated the social-economic causes of diseases and deaths, in
other words, explaining under which societal conditions morbidity and
mortality arise (Virchow, [1848] 2006). Embracing Hegel's dialectical
method in the analysis of health problems, Virchow presents a
successful example of dialectical approach to biological and social
issues in his report.
Master of the dialectical approach, Hegel, argued that life couldn't
exist without disease; every organism is born with the "germ of
death," and treatment sees disease not as the complete loss of
health but rather as a conflict within or between physical forces.
However, Virchow, rejecting Hegelian idealism, embraced materialism.
In his efforts to form a dialectical materialist approach in biology,
he extensively utilized Friedrich Engels' work "The Condition of
the Working Class in England" to demonstrate the relationship
between poverty and disease (Engels, 1994).